Final Exam Study Resource

Quizlet for AP Terms: Here are many of the terms we have discussed this year. If you think of any that are missing, let me know! 

AP Practice Tests (Online): You can take online practice tests working with one passage at a time (between 6-10 questions each), and then get immediate feedback and explanations on the correct answers. 

AP Practice Test (Full PDF of Test/Answers): This one you will need a piece of paper to take, but can check your answers at the bottom. 

TP-CASTT Template

Link to TP-CASTT: Do NOT type in the document from this link. COPY AND PASTE the table into your own Word Document so that this one remains fresh for the next person to pull from.

Sound Devices and Kinds of Poetry

Definition	Example
Alliteration: the repetition of accented consonant sounds at the beginning of words that are close to each other, usually to create an effect, rhythm, or emphasis.	Big. bad, barking dog. The noisy gnat knit nine sweaters.
Assonance: the repeated use of a vowel sound.	How now brown cow. Twice five miles in a mazy motion.
Consonance: same consonant sounds in words with different vowel sounds that are not at the beginning of words.	If she love me, this believe, I will die ere she shall grieve Emily Dickenson
Internal rhyme: a rhyme that is within the line, rather than the end.	Once upon a midnight dreary while I pondered, weak and weary, Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore. Edgar Allen Poe
End rhyme: a rhyme that comes at the end of lines of poetry.	Tyger Tyger, burning bright, In the forests of the night. William Blake
Feminine rhyme: rhymes that end on one or two unstressed syllables.	A woman's face with Nature's own hand painted Hast thou, the master-mistress of my passion; A woman's gentle heart, but not acquainted  With shifting change, as false women's fashion.  William Shakespeare
Masculine rhyme: rhymes ending on stressed syllables	Whose woods these are I think I know, His house is in the village, though; Robert Frost
Perfect rhyme: rhymes that have final stressed vowel sounds that are identical	Twinkle, twinkle little star How I wonder what you are.
Slant rhyme (aka half rhyme): rhymes that do not share the exact same vowel sound, but sound similar	If love is like a bridge Or maybe like a grudge, George Wolff
Eye rhyme (aka sight rhyme): a rhyme that includes words that are spelled or look the same, but do not sound the same	Come live with me and be my love, And we will all the pleasures prove…       Christophe Marlow
Forced rhyme: a rhyme that depends upon an unusual pronunciation of words to work.	See “Bonny Barbara Allan.”

Types of Poems

Narrative Poetry: a category of poetry that tells a story. 

Lyric Poetry: a category of poetry that presents personal impressions. 

Ballad: a narrative poem that is typically written in quatrains and has a musical quality to it (refrains, simple rhyme schemes, steady meter).

Ode: a formal lyric poem that addresses a subject of great importance or influence. 

Elegy: a formal lyric poem to lament the dead. 

Dramatic Monologue: a poem revealing a speaker's character through an account of an event, usually using a conversational tone. 

Sonnet: a formal poetic form composed of 14 lines of iambic pentameter 

Spring Break- Extra Credit!

Okay, guys. I couldn't make up my mind. Some of you have really interesting, creative ideas. Some of you were happy with a plain-Jane essay assignment. Here's what I'm proposing: make your own assignment.  The task should be connected directly to Beloved to an obvious degree. Other than that, you can decide how creative, artsy fartsy (or NOT), and involved you want this assignment to be. Here are the requirements:

- Turn in something that indicates you have thought deeply about some aspect of the novel.
- The something should be of a high school quality... so no. A stick figure drawing of all the characters-- not going to get you anything.
- You must write a Justification; in this you will explain what you did, why you did it, what kind of credit you should receive, and why.

This assignment is due April 14th; late assignments will NOT be accepted. At all. Don't even try. =)

Literary Devices- Beloved

Quiz over Literary Devices: 3/21 or 3/22. 

1. Elegy- a poem or literary work that laments the dead or a loss.
2. Parallelism- the repeated use of the same grammatical structure in a sentence or a series of sentences. Example: "For one lost, all lost" (p. 130, Beloved).
3. Anaphora- the repetition of a word or words at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines to create a rhetorical and/or sound effect. Example "It went on that way and might have stayed that way but one evening..." (p. 135-137, Beloved). 
4. Euphemism- substitution of a harsh or offensive word with something less malicious.
5. Dialect- a particular kind of language particular to a group or region of people.

6. Allegory- a work that functions on a symbolic level. A work can be described as an "allegory of love" or other abstract concepts.
7. Personification- the attribution of human characteristics to an animal or inanimate object.
8. Catharsis- an emotional cleansing or feeling of relief produced through literature. In his Poetics, Aristotle wrote that tragedy especially should "arose pity and fear in such a way as to accomplish a catharsis of such emotions in the audience."
9. Pathos- the quality of a literary work or passage which appeals to the reader's emotions, especially pity, compassion, and sympathy.
10. Point of View- perspective of the speaker or narrator in a literary work.

• First person: the story is told by the character her/himself
• Third person limited: the story is told by a narrator who sees from one character's perspective
• Third person omniscient: the story is told by an all-knowing narrator

Words-to-Know Vocabulary (for Beloved)

The quiz over these terms will be Tuesday, 3/7, for odd classes and Wednesday, 3/8, for my even class. On notebook paper, complete a Frayer model for each term; you will turn this in the day of the quiz.

1. Intolerable: adj. unable to be endured

2. Perfunctory: adj. something carried out with minimal effort or reflection

3. Immobile: adj. not moving; unable to be moved

4. Undulate: v. move with a smooth, wave-like motion

5. Intricate: adj. very complicated or detailed

6. Deprivation: n. the lack or denial of something considered to be a necessity 

7. Rendezvous: n. a meeting at an agreed upon time and place by two people

8. Simulate: v. to imitate the appearance or character of 

9. Intently: adv. with earnest and eager attention

10. Condemnation: n. the expression of very strong disapproval 

Beloved

The Margaret Garner Tragedy : Watch the link just before this sentence, as well as this short film on an opera co-created by Toni Morrison based upon the Garner story. (No, I promise you will not have to sing opera for this novel. Unless you want to. Because opera is amazing.) 

Further Reading on Mrs. Garner: BlackPast.org; NPR;

February 27/28 in Class: 

"The Dangers of a Single Story" TED Talk

March 15: BBC Interview with Toni Morrison

To Read with Chapter 16:

Revelations 6:1-8

 1 And I saw when the Lamb opened one of the seals, and I heard, as it were the noise of thunder, one of the four beasts saying, Come and see.

 2 And I saw, and behold a white horse: and he that sat on him had a bow; and a crown was given unto him: and he went forth conquering, and to conquer.

 3 And when he had opened the second seal, I heard the second beast say, Come and see.

 4 And there went out another horse that was red: andpower was given to him that sat thereon to take peace from the earth, and that they should kill one another: and there was given unto him a great sword.

 5 And when he had opened the third seal, I heard the third beast say, Come and see. And I beheld, and lo a black horse; and he that sat on him had a pair of balances in his hand.

 6 And I heard a voice in the midst of the four beasts say, A measure of wheat for a penny, and three measures of barley for a penny; and see thou hurt not the oil and the wine.

 7 And when he had opened the fourth seal, I heard the voice of the fourth beast say, Come and see.

 8 And I looked, and behold a pale horse: and his name that sat on him was Death, and Hell followed with him. And power was given unto them over the fourth part of the earth, to kill with sword, and with hunger, and with death, and with the beasts of the earth.

Literary Terms- Week of Feb. 6-11

Quizzes on these terms will be Feb.10 or Feb.13.

Use your list of Literary Terms passed out in class last semester to gather definitions and examples of the following twelve terms. I have links to those terms not included in the list. 

1. Syntax- the way words are put together to form phrases, clauses, and sentences. Syntax is sentence structure and how it influences the way the reader receives a piece of writing.
2. Diction- the specific word choice an author uses to persuade or convey tone, purpose, or effect. 
3. Denotation- a direct and specific meaning of a word, often referred to as the "dictionary" definition of the word.
4. Connotation- what is suggested by a word, apart from what it explicitly describes, often referred to as the "implied" meaning of a word. Think of the difference in connotation between "skinny," "skeletal," and "trim." 
5. Direct Characterization- consists of the author telling the audience what a character is like. A narrator may give this information, or a character in the story may do it. 
6. Indirect Characterization- consists of the author showing the audience what kind of person a character is through the character’s thoughts, words, and deeds. This requires the audience to make inferences about why a character would say or do those things. 
7. Foil- a character whose contrasting personality draws attention to, enhances, or contrasts that of the main character. 
8. Stock Character- character who appears in a number of stories or plays, such as a cruel stepmother or the femme fatale. 
9. Static Character- a character who remains unchanged across a narrative
10. Dynamic Character- a character who changes (for better or worse) across a narrative, largely learning from the conflicts found in the story.
11. Flat Character- a simple, one-dimensional character about whom we know little or nothing about.
12. Round Character- a complex character who has multiple sides to his/her personality, making him/her more realistic in some way. 

Heart of Darkness Resources and Links

Resources and Links

Background on Imperialism

Webquest: Classwork for January 25 and 26.
Assignment: In the Resources section, research a school of Literary Criticism by...

• Reading the introductory paragraphs for each of the five offered. 
• Selecting one and explore the links that offer clarification and explanation of the big ideas. 
• Taking notes on what you learn, so that you can become an "expert" on this particular school of criticism. Jot down 4-5 "Guiding Questions" that you can turn to across our reading to keep you focused on your school of criticism. As you work on your Dialect Journal, these questions may guide you, although a variety of responses are still encouraged. The goal of your Heart of Darkness Dialectic Journal-- 50% analysis, 50% Personal/Summary. 

Background Power Point

Infographic About the Congo before 1950

Examples of Frame Narratives:
- The Princess Bride
- Forrest Gump
- Hoodwinked

Essay Assignment: Click Here! Essays are due in Engrade either Feb. 23 (1, 3, and 7 Period) or Feb. 24 (8th period).

Chinua Achebe Essay.

MLA Formatting Check List (For Heart of Darkness Essay)

1. Is the heading in the upper left-hand corner of the first page? 

2. Does the heading include:

• Your name?
• Your Instructor's name?
• The course name?
• The date?

3. Does the paper have an original title (other than something like "Final Paper")?

• Is the title presented without being bolded, italicized, or placed in quotation marks?

4. Does the paper have 1" margins on all sides?

5. Is the paper written in Times New Roman and in 12-pt. font?

6. Is everything double-spaced?

7. Are your last name and the page number in the upper right-hand corner of each page (0.5" from the top, or inserted using the "header" function in Word)?

Quoting a Quote:

When you have a quotation that is inside of another quotation it is called a nested quotation. Nested quotes follow a hierarchical structure of alternating between double quotation marks and single quotation marks.

Rule:

• Double quotation marks are used for the first quotation.
• Single quotation marks are used for a quotation within a quotation.
• Double marks are used for a further quotation inside that, etc.

Examples:

• “John shouted at Steve, ‘You’re doing it all wrong.’ ”
• “The governor has prior obligations and said he ‘wishes he could be in attendance today.’ “
• “The weatherman said, ‘This weekend should be filled with blue skies.’ ”

Notice that the secondary quote in each example is placed within single quotation marks. Also, notice that the periods are placed inside the single quotes. The rule is that periods always go inside the quotation marks.

If you find yourself writing a quote within a quote within a quote, i.e., three layers deep, it’s probably best to rework your sentence. Three levels of quotations are a bit much for the reader to make sense of.

If, however, a sentence rework is impossible, just add another level of hierarchy. Your sentence would look like this, Double>Single>Double.

• “Joan emphatically said, ‘We won’t sing “God Save the Queen.”’ ”

It is, of course, a very rare occasion to see a sentence this complicated.

Words-to-Know Vocabulary

Quiz: January 27th/30th

1. Equivocation: n. the use of ambiguous expressions to mislead, especially through the use of double-meanings
2. Assimilation: n. the act of absorbing information, experiences, identities, etc.; being absorbed into the culture of a group
3. Ascetic: n. a person deeply devoted to a life of contemplation and self-denial due to religious beliefs
4. Benign: adj. demonstrating kindness and/or gentleness 
5. Profound: adj. being or going far beneath what is superficial, obvious, or external
6. Venerable: adj. commanding respect due to age or dignity
7. Scrutinize: v. to examine in detail with careful or critical attention
8. Sordid: adj. mean, dirty, and/or selfish
9. Lugubrious: adj.  exaggeratedly mournful or gloomy
10. Elicit: v. to draw out or bring about

Homework for January 23/24: Use Dictionary.com to locate examples of these words in context; select and record at least one for each term to help you prepare for the quiz. Bring these to class.

Extra Credit: Modern Drama

Task: Imagine that you are the author of the play you have chosen to read. You’re hanging out in the great here-after and get word that someone has made a film of your masterpiece. You watch the film and have some important thoughts to share with director. You will write a letter as if you are Williams, Hansberry, Wilde, or Miller to the director of an adaptation of his/her work. In your letter, you are to do three of the following from the perspective of the playwright:

-          Describe any significant differences between the setting and/or time period in the play and the film. Do they change the story in an important way? How do you feel about this?

-          How well do the characters in the film reflect what you’ve presented in the text in terms of personality, appearance, action, and dialogue?  How do you feel about this interpretation of the primary characters?

-          You intentionally write this play to reveal social issues that you found to be disturbing and wrong. Describe the issues you addressed through the play. How well does the film preserve your social commentary?

-          Horace, a Greek philosopher, believed that literature and art should teach and delight; you agree and successfully done this in your play. Does the film maintain both the power to teach and delight the viewer?

-          You demand that a new film of your work be produced. Recommend a cast for the main characters, a director, a style of film (animation, Lego, black and white, soap opera, sit com, etc.), a theme song (with references to lyrics that make this a relevant choice), or another key directorial decision. (Pick three of these options.)

Your writing should be in a business letter format (which is good to know for communication with colleges and scholarship-related organizations), should identify which film adaptation you’re commenting on (title, director, release year), and must be specific and well developed. This assignment is due any time between now and January 30^th. You may turn in a handwritten or typed paper; this assignment can replace your lowest quiz grade. 

Literary Terms

AP LITERARY TERMS#1-- METAPHORICAL DEVICES/IMAGERY:  

Quiz: January 19/20, 2017

1. Metaphor: Comparison of two seemingly unlike things
2. Simile: Comparison using "like" or "as"
3. Personification: Characteristics of humans given to non-humans
4. Synecdoche: Part that stands for the whole
5. Metonymy: Substitution of associated word for word itself
6. Allusion: Reference to well-known characters, texts, or events
7. Symbol: Is what it is and something more
8. Image: Sensory detail
9. Archetype: Recurrent image that touches collective subconscious
10. Abstract Imagery: Description of qualities that cannot be perceived with the five sense
11. Concrete Imagery: Description of qualities that can be seen, heard, felt, smelled, or tasted
12. Motif: Recurrent image, idea, or theme in specific piece of literature

Look for the metaphors and imagery in the art, music, and beauty

 you see around you every day.

January 4th/5th Homework-- Choose a Victorian or Modern Drama

Link to GoodReads.